It's never a pleasant surprise to find lumps or bumps under your cat's skin, especially when you expect to feel their smooth fur during a cuddle. If your veterinarian has diagnosed your cat with a sebaceous cyst, you may have questions about what this means and how to best treat it. Let’s dive into the details of sebaceous cysts in cats and how you can manage them.
What is a Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst is a benign growth that forms when a sebaceous gland, responsible for producing the oily substance called sebum, becomes blocked. This blockage causes a small sac to form, filled with sebum and other bodily materials. While sebaceous cysts are non-cancerous, they can be concerning if they become inflamed or rupture.
These cysts are also referred to as sebaceous adenomas or follicular cysts. They often appear as small, raised nodules on your cat’s skin and can occur anywhere on the body, though they are most commonly found on the head, neck, and upper legs.
What Does a Sebaceous Cyst Look Like?
Sebaceous cysts usually manifest as small, firm lumps under the skin. They are typically round and may feel slightly movable under the skin. These cysts can vary in size and may remain the same size for a long time or slowly grow. If the cyst ruptures, it may release a thick, oily material that ranges in color from tan to black and may have a cottage cheese-like consistency. Sometimes, these cysts can become inflamed if the area is traumatized, leading to redness and tenderness around the lump.
Causes of Sebaceous Cysts in Cats
The exact cause of sebaceous cysts in cats remains unclear. However, certain factors may predispose a cat to develop them:
- Genetics: Some cats, particularly hairless breeds like the Sphynx, seem to have a higher tendency to develop sebaceous cysts.
- Trauma: Repeated trauma or pressure on certain areas of the body, such as the elbows, can lead to cyst formation.
- Skin Disorders: Underlying skin conditions or blockages in the sebaceous glands may also contribute to cyst development.
Should You Drain a Sebaceous Cyst at Home?
If a sebaceous cyst ruptures on its own, it’s generally safe to clean the area with mild soap and water. However, it’s important not to attempt draining or lancing the cyst at home. Doing so can cause inflammation, infection, and potentially worsen the condition. It’s always best to consult with your veterinarian if you notice any changes in the cyst or if it becomes inflamed.
Veterinarians may sometimes drain an inflamed cyst, but this is usually done with the support of medications to manage inflammation and prevent infection. Remember, draining the cyst is not a cure, and the cyst may refill over time.
Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts
In most cases, sebaceous cysts do not require treatment unless they become problematic. However, there are a few options to manage or reduce the likelihood of cysts forming:
- Surgical Removal: The most definitive treatment is surgical removal, which is typically reserved for cysts that are recurrent, large, or causing discomfort to the cat.
- Medicated Shampoos: Using shampoos containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid may help reduce oil build-up in the skin and prevent the formation of new cysts. Be cautious with these products, as they can sometimes cause skin dryness and irritation. Always monitor your cat's skin for any adverse reactions.
- Monitoring: Regularly check the cyst for any changes in size, shape, or texture. If you notice any changes or if the cyst becomes painful, have your cat examined by a veterinarian.
Prognosis and Summary
Sebaceous cysts in cats are generally benign and do not pose a significant health risk. However, monitoring them for changes is important. If a cyst becomes inflamed or causes discomfort, consult your veterinarian for appropriate management. With proper care, most cats with sebaceous cysts continue to live healthy, comfortable lives.
